Wind turbines are critical components of renewable energy installations worldwide. They offer a renewable, low-polluting way to generate electricity from wind. Over the years, wind turbines’ designs have evolved significantly, becoming more efficient and cost-effective, with different types of wind turbines emerging in the market. In this article, we will discuss the types of wind turbines and their differences.
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
The most common industrial wind turbines are the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs). HAWTs have blades attached to an axis that is parallel to the ground. As the wind blows across the blades, they rotate around the axis and generate electricity.
1. Upwind Turbines
Upwind turbines have rotors attached to the front of the turbine facing the wind and have a gearbox located behind them. These turbines use a yaw system to adjust the blade position and assist with turbine steering.
2. Downwind Turbines
Downwind turbines have rotors attached to the back of the turbine. They don’t require yaw systems because the wind naturally positions the blades downwind. However, they are less common due to potential wind flow disturbance from the tower.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have a vertical axis, and they spin around that axis. VAWTs are less common than HAWTs, mainly due to their lower efficiency.
1. Darrieus VAWTs
Darrieus turbines are the most common VAWTs. These turbines have curved blades that rotate around the vertical axis. They can be used for residential and commercial applications and are quieter and less intrusive than HAWTs.
2. Savonius VAWT
Savonius turbines are another type of VAWT. They have S-shaped blades that are half-cylindrical and half-flat. The curves of the blades create a self-starting effect that does not need an external force to start. They are suitable for low wind conditions.
Differences in Efficiency and Power Generation
The efficiency and power generation of wind turbines depend on various factors, including rotor size, blade shape, and wind speed. HAWTs are more efficient than VAWTs in most situations, with HAWTs commonly generating power in the MW range, while VAWTs range in kW or less.
Differences in Size and Installation
Wind turbines’ size varies depending on their design, with HAWTs usually being larger than VAWTs. HAWTs require a tall tower, capable of reaching up to 400 feet, to capture the high-speed winds at higher elevations. The construction and transportation of these towers require larger equipment and cost more than VAWT installations.
Bottom Line
Wind turbines play a crucial role in generating clean and renewable energy. The different types of turbines have distinct advantages and disadvantages and are suited for various applications. Various factors, including location, wind speed, installation, cost, and the turbine efficiency, should be considered in choosing the type of turbine deployed. By investing in the right type of wind turbine that suits the specific requirements, we can harness this free and sustainable energy source for a cleaner, more sustainable future.